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$blog_page = get_option('page_for_posts'); // return: ID der Beitragsseite        
$image_data = get_the_post_thumbnail_url( $blog_page, 'full' );
        

HTML:

<div class="hero" style="height: 400px; background-image: url(<?php echo $image_data ;?>)">
    </div>

Titel der Beitragsseite ausgeben:

<h1 class="hero-text__h1"><?php echo get_the_title( $blog_page );?></h1>

Bild ausgeben:

<?php $featured = wp_get_attachment_image_src( get_post_thumbnail_id(), 'full' ); ?>
<?php $featured = $featured[0]; ?>
<div class="featured-image" style="background-image: url(<?php echo $featured; ?>); height: 400px;">
            </div>